I think whatever you do, you're on a hiding to nothing.
If there are alternative routes avoiding the door opening I suppose you could block it up while the doors are being dealt with.
The trouble with curtains etc. is that they flap nicely in the breeze which will probably accompany a fire.
If the door openings are all of the same size you could do a rolling programme, removing one door and replacing it with a temporary one which could be moved on to the next location once the first door was refitted, but it's a long-winded way of going about things.
I'm slightly concerned that doors are being removed for "maintenance". This implies that they've been quite badly damaged and need a lot of work. Question - would it be cheaper just to fit new doors?